Sixteenth Generation
16-1
Adam
STANLEY, son of William Stanley, was born about 1208 in Stanley
in Leek, Staffordshire, England.
16-3
Hamon
IV MASSEY, son of Hamon Massey and Agathea de Theray,was born about
1176 in Dunham Massy, Cheshire, England. He died after 1250 in Dunham Massey,
Cheshire, England.
16-5
Robert
FitzHenry de LATHAM, son of Lord Henry Lathom, was born about
1135 in Latham, Yorkshire, England. He married Emma de GRELLE about 1170.
"Robert de Latham, the eldest son of Henry, married, presumably, a daughter of Orme Magnus. The "Testa de Neville" states that Albert de Grelle, Baron of Manchester, gave to Orme, in marriage with his daughter Emma, about 1170, one knight's fee in Dalton, Parbold, and Wrightington, and one carucate of land in Eston. These estates came into possession of the Lathams who held them for many centuries. This Robert Latham (called Robert fitz Henry) was founder of Burscough priory, which was endowed by him with the churches of Ormskirk and Flixton, cicra 1180."
http://homepages.rootsweb.com/~legends/latham.html
16-6
Emma
de GRELLE, daughter of Albert de Grelle, was born about 1152
in Dalton, Lancashire, England.
16-7
William
de FERRERS, EARL OF DERBY, son of Walkelin de Ferrieresand Sybil de
Braose, was born about 1162 in Ferrers, Derbyshire, England. He died on
22 Sep 1247. He married Agnes de MESCHINES in 1192 in Cheshire, England.
"4th Earl of Derby, or Earl of Ferrieres. Married in 1192 Agnes de Keveliok, sister and coheir of Randolf, Earl of Chester and Lincoln, and 3rd daughter of Hugh, Earl of Chester. He died in 1247."
http://www.btinternet.com/~russell.robinson/Ferrers.htm
16-6
Agnes
de MESCHINES, daughter of Hugh of Kevelioc des Meschines and Bertrade
de Montfort, was born about 1174 in Tutbury, Staffordshire, England.
She died on 2 Nov 1247.
16-7
Roger
de QUINCY, EARL OF WINCHESTER, son of Saher IV de Quincy and Margaret
de Harcourt, was born about 1174 in Winchester, Hampshire, England.
He died on 25 Apr 1264 in England. He was buried in Brackley, Aberdeenshire,
Scotland. He married Helen (Elena) Of GALLOWAY, COUNTESS OF WORCESTER about
1217.
"Both Lord Roger and his father Saher de Quincy did their best to temper the despotism of the English monarchy. The first Earl was one of twenty-five barons who were to enforce the Magna Carta against King John. The second Earl upheld the Provisions of Oxford against King Henry III. Roger de Quincy, with his father Saher and elder brother Robert were Crusaders fighting under the standard of Richard “The Lionhearted” on the Third Crusade. Saher and Robert died before they could return to England. Roger alone returned to inherit the family estates in 1221. He became the second Earl of Winchester on the death of his brother in 1235 and died in 1264."
http://www.quincy.edu/information/general/symbols.html
16-8
Helen
(Elena) Of GALLOWAY, COUNTESS OF WORCESTER, daughter of Alan of Galloway
and Helen d' Isle was born about 1208 in Carrick, Ayrshire, Scotland. She
died after 21 Nov 1245 in England. She was buried in Brackley, Aberdeenshire,
Scotland.
16-9
Robert
de MUSCEGROS, son of Richard de Muscegros and Alice de Dives,was born
about 1207 in Worcestershire, England. He died after 23 Feb 1253 in Brewham,
Somersetshire, England. He was buried before 29 Jan 1254. He married Helewisia
MALET about 1231 in Kenemerton, Gloucestershire, England.
"He was Keeper of Savernake Forest, May 4, 1252. He held the Manors of Brynham, Cherlton, and Norton."
http://musgravemanor.homestead.com/Mussegros.html
16-10
Helewisia
(Hawise) MALET, daughter of Sir Willliam Malet, Magna Carta Baron,
and Alice Bassett, was born about 1200 in Curry Malet, Somersetshire, England.
She died on 4 May 1287.
"Hawise (Howise) Malet married (1) Hugh de Poyntz, who died in April 1220, and (2) Robert de Musegros, of Berwain and Norton, Knight of King Henry III."
http://musgravemanor.homestead.com/Mussegros.html
16-11
William
AVENAL, Sir, was born in 1206 in Bicknor, Kent, England.
16-13
Henry
de BOHUN, EARL OF HEREFORD, Magna Carta Baron, son of Humphrey de Bohun
and Margaret, Princess of Scotland, was born before 1177 in Warwick,
Warwickshire, England. He died on 1 Jun 1220 in England. He married Maud
FITZGEOFFREY about 1197 in Essex, England.
"HENRY de BOHUN, the Surety, was born before 1177. He became the first Earl of Hereford of this family, for he was so created by the Charter of King John, dated 28 April 1199. Even though he took the Barons' side against the King, on becoming Earl of Hereford he had promised that he would never make any claim against John or his heirs, on the basis of a Charter given to his great uncle Roger by Henry II. The office of Lord High Constable of England he inherited from his father, but he seems to have played no other active part in John's government. As he took a prominent part with the Barons against King John, his lands were confiscated, but he received them again at the granting of Magna Charta. Having been excommunicated along with the other Barons, he did not return to his allegiance on the decease of King John, but became one of the commanders in the Army of Louis the Dauphin, at the Battle of Lincoln, and was taken prisoner by William Marshall. After this defeat he joined Saire de Quincey and other Magna Charta Barons in a pilgrimage to the Holy Land in 1220, and died on the passage 1 June 1220. His body was brought home and buried in the chapter-house of Llanthony Abbey in Gloucestershire."
http://www.magnacharta.org/Barons/baron_henry_de_bohun.htm
16-14
Maud
FITZGEOFFREY, daughter of Geoffrey Fitzpiers, Baron de Mandeville,
and Beatrice de Saye, was born before 1177 in Warwick, Warwickshire, England.
She died on 27 Aug 1236 in England.
16-15
Racul
(Raoul) de LUSIGNAN, son of Hugh VIII de Lusignan and Bourgogne de
Rancon, was born about 1164 in La Marche, Poictou, France. He died
on 1 May 1219 in Shenton, Leicestershire, England. He married Alice d'
EU in Wales, England.
16-16
Alice
d' EU, daughter of Henry d' Eu and Maud Plantagenet, was born about
1180 in Shenton, Leicestershire, England.
16-17
Reginald
de BRAOSE, son of William de Braose and Maud de Saint Valery,was born
about 1178/1185 in Bramber, Sussex, England. He died on 9 Jun 1228 in Brecon,
Breconshire, Wales. He was buried in Priory Church, Brecon, Breconshire,
Wales. He married Grecia (Alice) BRIWERE in Bramber, Sussex, England.
"Reginald supported Giles in his rebellions against King John. They were both active against the King in the barons' war. Neither was present at the signing of Magna Carta because they were still rebels who refused to compromise. King John aquiesced to Reginald's claims to the de Braose estates in Wales in May 1216. He became Lord of Brecon, Abergavenny, Builth and other Marcher Lordships but was very much a vassal of Llewelyn Fawr, Prince of Gwynedd and now his father-in-law. Henry III restored Reginald to favour and the Bramber estates (confiscated from William by King John) in 1217. At this seeming betrayal, Rhys and Owain, Reginald's nephews who were princes of Deheubarth, were incensed and they took Builth (except the castle). Llewelyn Fawr also became angry and besieged Brecon. Reginald eventually surrendered to Llewelyn and gave up Seinenydd (Swansea). By 1221 they were at war again with Llewelyn laying siege to Builth. The seige was relieved by Henry III's forces. From this time on Llewelyn tended to support the claims of Reginald's nephew John concerning the de Braose lands. Reginald was a witness to the re-issue of Magna Carta by Henry III in 1225."
http://freespace.virgin.net/doug.thompson/BraoseWeb/Reginald.htm
16-18
Grecia
(Alice) BRIWERE, daughter of William de Briwere, Lord Horsley, and
Beatrice de Vaux,was born about 1176 in Stoke, Devonshire, England. She
died in 1223.
16-19
William
MARSHALL, EARL OF PEMBROKE, Magna Carta Baron, son of John "the Marshall"
Fitzgilbert and Sibilla de Salisbury, was born in 1144/1146 in Pembroke,
Pembrokeshire, Wales. He was christened on 12 May 1146. He died on 14 May
1219 in Caversham Manor, England. He was buried in May 1219 in the Round
Chapel Of Knight's Temple, London, Middlesex, England. He married Isabel
Fitzgilbert De CLARE, COUNTESS OF PEMBROKE in Aug 1189 in London, Middlesex,
England.
"In a room of the Tower of London in August 1189, two people who were about
to be married met for the first time. This twist of fate or act of destiny
would have a far-reaching effect on English history. The young lady was
Isabel de Clare, sole heiress of Richard Strongbow de Clare, Earl of Pembroke
and Striguil, and Aoife, daughter of Dermot MacMurrough, King of Leinster.
The man was William Marshal, the second son of John the Marshal and Sibyl,
sister of Patrick, Earl of Salisbury. There are no accounts of this first
meeting nor of their marriage ceremony, but this was the final step in
the making of one of the greatest knights and magnates of medieval English
history.
William Marshal's life is well documented because less than a year after
his death in 1219, his eldest son William II commissioned a record of his
father's life. "L' Historie de Guillaume le Marechal," is a metrical history
of a man and of the knightly class in the late twelfth and early thirteenth
century. William Marshal was born c 1146, and as a younger son, becoming
a knight was his natural choice of a path to success and survival. Marshal
was sent to his father's cousin William of Tancarville, hereditary Chamberlain
of Normandy, to be trained as a knight in c1159. He was knighted, probably
by his uncle, in 1167.
In 1170 William Marshal was appointed head of the mesnie (military) household
of the young Prince Henry by King Henry II. From this time until young
Henry's death in June of 1183, Marshal was responsible for protecting,
training and running the military household of the heir. In 1173, William
Marshal knighted the young Henry, and thereby became Henry's lord in chivalry.
We know that Marshal led young Henry and his mesnie to many victories on
the tournament fields of Normandy. It is during the years from 1170 to
1183 that William Marshal established his status as an undefeated knight
in tournaments. It is here that Marshal began to establish his friendships
with the powerful and influential men of his day. His reputation and his
character were built through his own actions and abilities. In this age
of feudalism, Marshal was a landless knight. He had no lord from whom he
could gain advantages or status.
On the death of the young Henry, Marshal obtained permission from Henry
II to take the young Henry's cross to Jerusalem. Marshal spent two years
in the Holy Land fighting for King Guy of Jerusalem and the Knights' Templar.
There are no known records of his time in the east, but we know that some
of the castle building techniques he later used at Pembroke were probably
learned here. Henry II granted Marshal his first fief, Cartmel in Lancashire,
in 1187. With this fief Marshal became a vassal of King Henry II and swore
fealty to him as his lord and his king. Until Henry II's death in 1188,
William Marshal served as his knight, his counselor, and his ambassador.
When Richard I came to the throne, he recognized Marshal as a brother and
equal in chivalry. Fulfilling the promise made by his father, Richard gave
Marshal the heiress Isabel de Clare and all her lands in marriage. With
this marriage, William Marshal became "in right of his wife" one of the
greatest lords and magnates in the Plantagenet kingdom. Isabel brought
to Marshal the palatine lordships of Pembroke and Striguil in Wales and
the lordship of Leinster in Ireland. These were large fiefs of land where
the lord held as tenant-in-chief of the Crown. A palatine lord's word was
law within his lands. He had the right to appoint his own officials, courts
and sheriffs, and collect and keep the proceeds of his courts and governments.
Except for ecclesiastical cases, the king's writ did not run in the palatinates.
King Richard also allowed Marshal to have 1/2 of the barony of Giffard
for 2000 marks. This barony was split with Richard de Clare, Earl of Clare
and Hertford, who held the barony in England as lord while Marshal held
the land in Normandy as lord. This gave Marshal the demesne manors of Crendon
in Buckinghamshire and Caversham in Oxfordshire, for 43 knights' fees,
and the fief of Longueville in Normandy with the castles of Longueville
and Mueller and Moulineaux, for about 40 knights' fees. Marshal considered
the lands that he held to be one unit, not separate units of English, Irish,
Welsh, and Norman lands. They were a compact whole to be preserved and
improved for the inheritance of his children. Marshal used what he had
learned fighting in Normandy and in the Holy Land to improve these fiefs.
Without including his lands in Normandy and Ireland, as feudal lord Marshal
controlled a vast amount of land, wealth, and knights/vassals in the Angevin
kingdom. William Marshal served King Richard faithfully as knight, vassal,
ambassador, itinerant justice, associate justiciar, counselor, and friend.
On Richard I's untimely death in 1199, William Marshal supported John as
heir to the throne rather than John's nephew, Arthur of Brittany. It was
King John who belted William Marshal and created him Earl of Pembroke on
the same day that John was crowned King, May 27, 1199. It is during King
John's reign that the character of William Marshal is clearly revealed.
John's character has been drawn by countless historians, and none have
been able to erase the ineptitude that King John displayed when dealing
with his English barons. Whatever his motives were, John inevitably alienated
his greatest barons despite the fact that he needed their support and loyalty
to rule England. William Marshal was a powerful, respected, wise and loyal
knight and baron who had already served two Angevin kings. King John, however,
accused Marshal of being a traitor, took all of Marshal's English and Welsh
castles, took Marshal's two older sons as hostages, tried to take Marshal's
lands in Leinster, and even tried to get his own household knights to challenge
Marshal to trial by combat. Despite all of this, William Marshal remained
loyal to his feudal lord. He did not rebel when John took his castles;
he gave up his two sons as hostages; he supported John against the Papal
Interdict; and he supported John in the baronial rebellion. Of all the
bonds of feudalism, the greatest and the most important bond was the one
of fealty, of loyalty to one's lord. To break this bond and oath was treason,
and this was the greatest of crimes. William Marshal was the epitome of
knighthood and chivalry. He did not simply espouse it. Marshal's entire
life was governed by his oaths of fealty and by his own innate sense of
honour. If Marshal had taken his lands, castles, and knights to the side
of the rebellion, King John would have lost his crown and perhaps his life.
On the death of John, October 19,1216, William Marshal was chosen by his
peers in England as regent for the nine year old Henry III. Henry was knighted
and then crowned under the seal of the Earl of Pembroke. William Marshal
was the main force and impetus for the defeat of Philip II of France, even
leading the attack to relieve Lincoln castle in May 1217 though he was
seventy years old. On September 11, 1217, Marshal negotiated the Treaty
of Lambeth that ended the war. By his wise treatment of those English barons
who had supported Philip II against King John, Marshal ensured the restoration
of peace and order in England. This undefeated knight had become a great
statesman in the last years of his life. William Marshal died May 14, 1219
at Caversham and was buried as a Knight Templar in the Temple Church
in London."
http://www.castlewales.com/marshall.html
"William Marshal had been born during the Civil Wars of King Stephen
and Empress Mathilda. He trained and knighted one intended king; served
faithfully Kings Henry II, Richard the Lionheart, and John Lackland; and
knighted and served as regent for a fourth king. As "rector regis et regni,"
Marshal had the Great Charter reissued in 1216 and in 1217 for the welfare
and future of England and the Crown. There are many explanations and definitions
of Marshal, his life and his time. Some say he survived so long and so
well because of his physical stamina and condition, that he was simply
a man of great physical strength. This gives only a piece of the complete
portrait of William Marshal. He was a brilliant strategist in terms of
his world, militarily and politically. He lived and survived in Henry II's
arena, earning Henry's respect and affection. No man of little intelligence
would have survived very long there. William Marshal can be understood
in terms of his world of feudalism, fealty, loyalty and honour. Marshal
stood by King John because of Marshal's oath of fealty and homage to his
"lord," who also happened to be the King.
William Marshal was a man who lived his life according to his sense of
honour, and his sense of honour was defined in the laws and customs of
feudalism and knighthood. It is that sense of honour that made no man equal
to William Marshal, knight, Earl of Pembroke and Striguil, Lord of Leinster,
and Regent of England. Of all the barons assembled at Runnemede, William
Marshall was the most distinguished. He was not one of those
opposed to King John; he was an old man and had served as counselor to
three Plantagenet Kings, His part was that of intermediary. While
not a surety he deserves our veneration more than any of the twenty-five.
It was he who made possible the realization of Magna Charta. In his youth
he was acclaimed by his contemporaries as the perfect type of chivalry.
In his old age and in history he appears as one of the noblest of medieval
soldier statesmen. He filled the foremost places in England and Ireland,
and never compromised his honor. He is described as tall and handsome,
of beautiful countenance and dignified bearing, with unusual strength.
We do not know the exact date of his birth but it must have been shortly
before 1140, for as a boy in 1152 he was given by his father as a hostage
to King Stephen, and he was over 80 when he died in 1219. He was the second
son of John Marshall, by his wife Sybil, sister of Patrick, Earl of Salisbury,
and daughter of Walter d’Evreux, and grandson of Gilbert Marshall from
whom he inherited the office of Marshall. His early life reads like a story
from King Arthur’s Knights of the Round Table. He seemed to move
in an aura of fantasy, as if led to perform legendary deeds. He saved
the life of Richard Coeur de Lion, carried the heart of young King Henry,
son of Henry II, to Palestine, served as guardian to two boy Kings and
remained unmarried until at the age of 50 he could win the hand of a great
heiress, and then had ten children. In 1167 he returned to England to live
with his uncle, the Earl of Salisbury. Shortly after he followed the Earl
in a campaign in Normandy, where, while defending his uncle in an ambush
he was taken prisoner, but later escaped. At this time he was unsurpassed
in the tourney; it is said that, with a companion, Roger de Gaugi, captured
103 Knights, in different parts of France.
In 1170 he was given charge of the young King Henry, son of Henry II, who
was made, although a boy, King of England during his father’s life time.
Thus, early in his life, he was charged with loyalty to the crown, and
remained constantly with the prince until the latter’s death in 1183.
The young Henry was so devoted to William that, on his deathbed, he beseeched
his friend to take his heart to the Holy Land, which William Marshall did
the same year. In 1188 a crucial event in his life occurred. He was
in battle fighting the forces of Prince Richard, who was in rebellion against
his father, Henry II, when he came face to face with the prince and could
have slain him. Richard called out "slay me not, for I am unarmed."
William killed Richard’s horse instead and saved the prince.
One year later William was at the deathbed of Henry II. On Richard’s accession to the throne, he remembered he owed his life to William, and gave him in marriage to the great heiress of Struguil, Eva, daughter of Richard de Clare, Earl of Pembroke and granddaughter of Dermot, King of Leinster. She was only seventeen, he about fifty.
Soon after Richard left on the Crusade for which he became so famous; William
Longchamps was left in charge of the kingdom, and William Marshall counselor
to him. On Richard’s return he continued as advisor to the King, and acted
as mediator between Richard and Philip of France.
At Richard’s death in 1199, William Marshall seems to have been the one
responsible for John’s succession. Hubert Walter, Archbishop of Canterbury,
headed the council to decide between Arthur, who, as son of John’s elder
brother Geoffrey Duke of Brittany, was therefor first in succession, and
John himself. In the discussion William exclaimed "Arthur is a tool
of the French, he loves not England." He sensed that John, in spite of
his trickery, would be accepted by the English. In this decision, we may
not discern the wisdom for which William was noted, for our sympathies
are apt to be swayed by romance. But from the facts we know of Arthur
he was a worthless fellow, not a boy at all as Shakespeare described him,
but a young man with little sense of loyalty. He had never been in England.
During most of John’s reign, Marshall was occupied with his estates in Ireland. He sheltered there William de Braise who fled from Wales - a matter which brought John to Ireland. Here, William’s firmness and reasonableness, combined with his reputation for loyalty to the crown, saved him from John’s revenge. He always used his influence on the side of justice and moderation; John continued to employ him as mediator between himself and his barons. As we know already, he was at King John’s side at Runnemeade, although in sympathy with the baron’s cause. What part he played in the framing of Magna Charta is a matter of conjecture, but it is difficult to believe that Stephen Langton was alone responsible, or that the justiciars, or William Hardell had the foresight and sagacity to word many of the clauses that made the Charta immortal. William Marshall had those qualities, besides that serenity of mind that comes from age and experience. His biographers, while unstinting in their admiration, point out he belonged to the age of feudalism, his own age, when loyalty to one’s overlord was the supreme virtue; he was no prophet of a new order. On the other hand, Magna Charta was not a revolutionary document; it was eminently a practical body of laws and judgements based largely on previous and existing laws and customs. William Marshall was the supreme man for the hour when John died, leaving as his heir a boy of nine. One half of the kingdom was in the hands of the French King; there was civil war. To William Marshall was entrusted the task of guarding the safety of the young king, whom he personally knighted; he was appointed "Guardian of the King and of the Realm." His direction of the battle of Lincoln was a masterpiece of strategy. It is worth noting that Saher de Quincy was taken prisoner by him in this campaign. It was during the three years of disorder after the death of John that William Marshall’s greatest and special work was done accomplishing the pacification of the country. Only his wisdom and courage preserved England from becoming a tributary province of France; it was he in truth who made possible the realization of Magna Charta. As death approached, he retired to his manor of Cavershamin Berkshire, which was his patrimony. He had castles in Ireland and Wales where he could have died surrounded by pomp, but he preferred the place of his birth. He died May 14, 1219. As he had been in the Holy Land, he was buried in the Knight’s Templer’s Church in London, where his tomb still exists."
http://www.magnacharta.com
16-20 Isabel Fitzgilbert de CLARE, daughter of Richard "Strongbow" Fitzgilbert de Clare and Eve McMurrough, was born about 1172 in Pembroke, Pembrokeshire, Wales. She died in 1220 in Pembroke, Pembrokeshire, Wales. She was buried in Tintern Abbey, Tintern, Monmouthshire, England.
"By his wife, Isabel (Eva) de Clare he had five sons and five daughters. Following a curse made by a priest who claimed to have been deprived of some land, and unfortunately believed by his wife, all his sons died childless, but the daughters had descendants."
http://www.magnacharta.com
16-21
Walter
HUNGERFORD was born before 1160 in Heytesbury, Wiltshire, England.
Click
here to go the the Seventeenth Generation of ancestors from Henry Salisbury.